| Sumario: | The ascal morphology and its taxonomic significance were explored in almost all species of octosporous Diatrypaceae: Cryptosphaeria, Diatrype, Echinomyces, Eutypa and Eutypella. The resulting character information along with other morphological characters were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among species and genera in the family. Peroneutypa, is resurrected to accommodate seven species and the following new combinations are proposed: Peroneutypa alsophila, Peroneutypa arecae, Peroneutypa comosa, Peroneutypa curvispora, Peroneutypa gliricidiae, Peroneutypa kochiana, Peroneutypa scoparia and Peroneutypa obesa. A key to species of Peroneutypa is provided. These new taxonomic arrangements, based on phylogenetic evidence, are proposed here for the first time.
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