Energy loss Energy dissipation 12 Electron energy loss spectroscopy 6 Stopping power 6 Theoretical study 6 Atomic numbers 4 Atoms 4 Binding energy 4 Binding sites 4 Dielectric formalism 4 Dirac equations 4 Energy regions 4 Experimental data 4 Ions 4 Lead 4 Lead alloys 4 Linear equations 4 Nuclear energy 4 Potential energy 4 Protons 4 Target electrons 4 Transport cross-section 4 Valence electron 4 Wave functions 4 Zinc 4 4f-electrons 2 Ab initio calculations 2 Ab-initio calculations 2 Antiproton impact 2 Bound electrons 2