Detection of Parvovirus B19 in suspected cases of infection during pregnancy: study of pregnant patients and newborns. Cordoba, Argentina/2018-2022.
Parvovirus B19/B19V primary infection in pregnant women can be transmitted to the embryo/fetus and cause anomalies associated with TORCH syndrome. Local knowledge of the infection can help visualize the clinical picture to achieve early diagnosis. The objectives were to identify B19V in suspected ca...
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| Formato: | Artículo revista |
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Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnología
2022
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| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/38990 |
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| Sumario: | Parvovirus B19/B19V primary infection in pregnant women can be transmitted to the embryo/fetus and cause anomalies associated with TORCH syndrome. Local knowledge of the infection can help visualize the clinical picture to achieve early diagnosis. The objectives were to identify B19V in suspected cases of parvoviral infection during pregnancy and to describe the clinical manifestations present in positive cases.
Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria: pregnant patients with suspected B19V infection (compatible maternal or fetal-neonatal clinical manifestations or with epidemiological link), newborns (NB) of mothers with suspected or confirmed infection and NB with signs/symptoms associated with congenital infection (still present or not at birth), selected according to medical records of the clinical history. Viral DNA (PCR), specific IgM and IgG (ELISA) were determined in serum samples stored at the institution’s biobank. Ethical Committee of participating centers approved the protocol: Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, Hospital Universitario de Maternidad y Neonatología, Clínica Privada Vélez Sársfield (2018-2022).
A total of 242 patients were included (epidemiological weeks/EW 1-52, 171 pregnant women and 71 NB, 60 of them were mother-NB pair). Infection was confirmed in 27/242 (11.1%) cases, the majority (24/27, 88.9%) in pregnant women and 3/27 (11.1%) in NB. In the mother-NB pair group, 9 pregnant women and 2 NB were positive (vertical transmission rate: 22.2%). Epidemiological characteristics of B19V+ cases: mean age of pregnant women 30.1±6.3 years (p=0.45 versus study sample; median 30.5), 96% in EW 15-52 (autumn-spring). Clinical manifestations in pregnant women: maternal anemia 14/24 (58.3%), hydrops fetalis 5/24 (20.8%), abortion 5/24 (20.8%), fetal anemia 2/24 (8.3%), polyhydramnios 1/24 (4.2%), rash and arthralgia 1/24 (4.2%). One NB presented hydrops, another anemia, and one was asymptomatic, born to mother with rash, arthralgia, and anemia). Laboratory markers of infection: 16/27 (59.3%) cases were confirmed by detection of viral DNA (DNA+/IgM-/IgG+).
During the study period, B19V was detected in 11% of the sample, being frequent in symptomatic pregnant women (24/171, 14%), with a rate of transmission to the fetus of 22%. Upon clinical suspicion, the complementary determination of virus and antibodies can improve diagnostic performance. |
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