Enteric foodborne pathogenic viruses: molecular detection in ready-to-eat green leafy vegetables
Fresh vegetables have been recognized as important sources of enteric virus transmission, as they are generally eaten raw and receive minimal processing to reduce or eliminate viral pathogens. The aim of the study was to detect and genetically characterize rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoV), hepatitis...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo revista |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
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Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnología
2023
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| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/42656 |
| Aporte de: |
| Sumario: | Fresh vegetables have been recognized as important sources of enteric virus transmission, as they are generally eaten raw and receive minimal processing to reduce or eliminate viral pathogens. The aim of the study was to detect and genetically characterize rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoV), hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses in ready-to-eat raw green leafy vegetables commercialized in Córdoba city.
A total of 97 samples of arugula (n=72) and chicory (n=25) were analyzed, obtained from retail stores between April 2022 and July 2023. Viral detection was performed according to the ISO 15216-2:2019 standards, using the PP7 bacteriophage as sample process control virus. Viral elution and concentration were performed by precipitation with polyethylene glycol from 25 g of each sample. Molecular detection of the viruses was conducted using real-time RT-PCR, and positive samples for NoV, HAV or HEV were genotyped through partial sequencing (Sanger method). For RV genotyping, specific RT-nested PCR was performed for the most common G and P types (G1-G5, G8, G9, G11, and G12; P[4], P[6], P[8], P[9], and P[10]).
Out of the total samples, 5.2% tested positive for any of the studied viruses, all corresponding to arugula samples obtained between August and September 2022. Three samples were positive for RV (3.1%) and 2 for NoV (2.1%). The NoV positive samples corresponded to genogroup I, but it was not possible to establish the genotype involved in each case, probably due to the low concentration of DNA obtained, which makes sequencing difficult. Regarding RV, up to now, the simultaneous presence of genotypes P[4] and P[10] with genotype G2 could be detected in one of the samples.
The results show the risk of transmission of gastroenteritis-causing viruses through consuming raw vegetables in our region. These findings provide evidence that allows us to consider the need for incorporating viral markers, currently excluded from regulations, in assessing the food quality of ready-to-eat foods. |
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