Cladistic analysis of the subgenera Inaequalium, Psaroniocompsa, and Chirostilbia of the genus Simulium, with comments on their distribution (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Inaequalium, Psaroniocompsa, and Chirostilbia are subgenera of Simulium, characteristic of the tropical area from southeastern Brazil. They form monophyletic groups, composed of12, 15, and 13 species, respectively. Morphological characters of larvae, pupae and imagos were used in the cladistic analy...
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| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Articulo |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
1997
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/165889 |
| Aporte de: |
| Sumario: | Inaequalium, Psaroniocompsa, and Chirostilbia are subgenera of Simulium, characteristic of the tropical area from southeastern Brazil. They form monophyletic groups, composed of12, 15, and 13 species, respectively. Morphological characters of larvae, pupae and imagos were used in the cladistic analysis of each subgenus. Character polarity was based on the outgroup comparison method, using Notolepria for the first subgenus and Inaequalium for the other two subgenera. Performing option ie* of Hennig86 for Inaequaelium, 12 parsimonious trees, each with 28 steps and a CI and RI of 1 were obtained. Pee-wee program was used intenting to reduce the trees number; using option amb- were produced three trees with length =28, and CI and RI =1. Each tree shows only two well defined clades, that represent the S. botulibranchium and S. inaequale species groups. The strict consensus c1adogram, although well defined for the S. botulibranchium: species group as a c1ade, is not fully resolved for the S. inaequale species group. Applying the ie* option for Psaroniocompsa one parsimonious tree was obtained, with a length of 42 and CI and RI of 0.92. In Chirostilbie, 24 trees with .38 steps and CI and RI of 0.89 were obtained. Using Pee-wee / Nona 2 trees were obtained with a length of .3.3 and CI and RI of 1. Strict consensus tree defines two monophyletic clades that support the S. subpallidum and S. pertinax species groups of Coscarón (1987). Maps of distribution are included, covering all tropical South America, except the lowland Amazonian valley and the west Andean area south of Ecuador. The Amazonian barrier was surpassed and species of the three subgenera are distributed in Guianas and towards the south they reach the Pampas. Inaequalium and Psaroniocompsa reach the Pacific, northern Andes, and the Yungas areas. The presence of the three subgenera in Amazonia is restricted to the old Brazilian shield areas. |
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