The VIPER elements of trypanosomes constitute a novel group of tyrosine recombinase-enconding retrotransposons

VIPER was initially characterized as a 2326 bp LTR-like retroelement associated to SIRE, a short interspersed repetitive element specific of Trypanosoma cruzi. It carried a single ORF that coded for a putative reverse transcriptase-RNAse H protein, suggesting that it could be a truncated copy of a l...

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Autores principales:	Lorenzi, H.A., Robledo, G., Levin, M.J.
Formato:	JOUR
Materias:	LTR-retrotransposon Trypanosomes Tyrosine recombinase Gag protein recombinase ribonuclease H RNA directed DNA polymerase tyrosine article controlled study Escherichia coli genome Haemophilus influenzae nonhuman nucleotide sequence phylogeny priority journal prokaryote retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma vivax unindexed sequence Eukaryota Leishmania sp. Prokaryota
Acceso en línea:	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_01666851_v145_n2_p184_Lorenzi
Aporte de:	Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires

id	todo:paper_01666851_v145_n2_p184_Lorenzi
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spelling	todo:paper_01666851_v145_n2_p184_Lorenzi2023-10-03T15:04:12Z The VIPER elements of trypanosomes constitute a novel group of tyrosine recombinase-enconding retrotransposons Lorenzi, H.A. Robledo, G. Levin, M.J. LTR-retrotransposon Trypanosomes Tyrosine recombinase Gag protein recombinase ribonuclease H RNA directed DNA polymerase tyrosine article controlled study Escherichia coli genome Haemophilus influenzae nonhuman nucleotide sequence phylogeny priority journal prokaryote retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma vivax unindexed sequence Escherichia coli Eukaryota Haemophilus influenzae Leishmania sp. Prokaryota Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma vivax VIPER was initially characterized as a 2326 bp LTR-like retroelement associated to SIRE, a short interspersed repetitive element specific of Trypanosoma cruzi. It carried a single ORF that coded for a putative reverse transcriptase-RNAse H protein, suggesting that it could be a truncated copy of a longer retroelement. Herein we report the identification and characterization of a complete 4480 bp long VIPER in the T. cruzi genome. The complete VIPER harbored three non-overlapped domains encoding for a GAG-like, a tyrosine recombinase and a reverse transcriptase-RNAse H proteins. VIPER elements were also found in the genomes of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma vivax, but not in Leishmania sp. On the basis of its reverse transcriptase phylogeny, VIPER was classified as an LTR retroelement. However, VIPER was structurally related to the tyrosine recombinase encoding retroelements, DIRS and Ngaro. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VIPER's tyrosine recombinase grouped with the transposases RCI1 of Escherichia coli and Ye24 and Ye72 of Haemophilus influenzae within a major branch of prokaryotic recombinases. Taken together, VIPER's structure, the nature of its tyrosine recombinase, the unique features of its reverse transcriptase catalytic consensus motif and the fact that it was found in Trypanosomes, an early branching eukaryote, suggest that VIPER may be the closest relative of the founder element of the tyrosine recombinase encoding retrotransposons known up to date. Our analysis revealed that tyrosine recombinase-encoding retroelements were originated as early in evolution as non-LTR retroelements and suggests that VIPER, Ngaro and DIRS elements may constitute a third group of retrotransposons, distinct from both LTR and non-LTR retroelements. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_01666851_v145_n2_p184_Lorenzi
institution	Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str	I-28
repository_str	R-134
collection	Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA)
topic	LTR-retrotransposon Trypanosomes Tyrosine recombinase Gag protein recombinase ribonuclease H RNA directed DNA polymerase tyrosine article controlled study Escherichia coli genome Haemophilus influenzae nonhuman nucleotide sequence phylogeny priority journal prokaryote retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma vivax unindexed sequence Escherichia coli Eukaryota Haemophilus influenzae Leishmania sp. Prokaryota Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma vivax
spellingShingle	LTR-retrotransposon Trypanosomes Tyrosine recombinase Gag protein recombinase ribonuclease H RNA directed DNA polymerase tyrosine article controlled study Escherichia coli genome Haemophilus influenzae nonhuman nucleotide sequence phylogeny priority journal prokaryote retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma vivax unindexed sequence Escherichia coli Eukaryota Haemophilus influenzae Leishmania sp. Prokaryota Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma vivax Lorenzi, H.A. Robledo, G. Levin, M.J. The VIPER elements of trypanosomes constitute a novel group of tyrosine recombinase-enconding retrotransposons
topic_facet	LTR-retrotransposon Trypanosomes Tyrosine recombinase Gag protein recombinase ribonuclease H RNA directed DNA polymerase tyrosine article controlled study Escherichia coli genome Haemophilus influenzae nonhuman nucleotide sequence phylogeny priority journal prokaryote retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma vivax unindexed sequence Escherichia coli Eukaryota Haemophilus influenzae Leishmania sp. Prokaryota Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma vivax
description	VIPER was initially characterized as a 2326 bp LTR-like retroelement associated to SIRE, a short interspersed repetitive element specific of Trypanosoma cruzi. It carried a single ORF that coded for a putative reverse transcriptase-RNAse H protein, suggesting that it could be a truncated copy of a longer retroelement. Herein we report the identification and characterization of a complete 4480 bp long VIPER in the T. cruzi genome. The complete VIPER harbored three non-overlapped domains encoding for a GAG-like, a tyrosine recombinase and a reverse transcriptase-RNAse H proteins. VIPER elements were also found in the genomes of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma vivax, but not in Leishmania sp. On the basis of its reverse transcriptase phylogeny, VIPER was classified as an LTR retroelement. However, VIPER was structurally related to the tyrosine recombinase encoding retroelements, DIRS and Ngaro. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VIPER's tyrosine recombinase grouped with the transposases RCI1 of Escherichia coli and Ye24 and Ye72 of Haemophilus influenzae within a major branch of prokaryotic recombinases. Taken together, VIPER's structure, the nature of its tyrosine recombinase, the unique features of its reverse transcriptase catalytic consensus motif and the fact that it was found in Trypanosomes, an early branching eukaryote, suggest that VIPER may be the closest relative of the founder element of the tyrosine recombinase encoding retrotransposons known up to date. Our analysis revealed that tyrosine recombinase-encoding retroelements were originated as early in evolution as non-LTR retroelements and suggests that VIPER, Ngaro and DIRS elements may constitute a third group of retrotransposons, distinct from both LTR and non-LTR retroelements. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
format	JOUR
author	Lorenzi, H.A. Robledo, G. Levin, M.J.
author_facet	Lorenzi, H.A. Robledo, G. Levin, M.J.
author_sort	Lorenzi, H.A.
title	The VIPER elements of trypanosomes constitute a novel group of tyrosine recombinase-enconding retrotransposons
title_short	The VIPER elements of trypanosomes constitute a novel group of tyrosine recombinase-enconding retrotransposons
title_full	The VIPER elements of trypanosomes constitute a novel group of tyrosine recombinase-enconding retrotransposons
title_fullStr	The VIPER elements of trypanosomes constitute a novel group of tyrosine recombinase-enconding retrotransposons
title_full_unstemmed	The VIPER elements of trypanosomes constitute a novel group of tyrosine recombinase-enconding retrotransposons
title_sort	viper elements of trypanosomes constitute a novel group of tyrosine recombinase-enconding retrotransposons
url	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_01666851_v145_n2_p184_Lorenzi
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The VIPER elements of trypanosomes constitute a novel group of tyrosine recombinase-enconding retrotransposons

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