Introduction to optical mineralogy /
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Desconocido |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
| Publicado: |
New York :
Oxford University Press,
2004
|
| Edición: | 3rd ed. |
| Materias: | |
| Aporte de: | Registro referencial: Solicitar el recurso aquí |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- 1. Light. The Nature of Light
- Electromagnetic Radiation
- Phase
- The Perception of Color
- Interaction of Light and Matter
- Transmitted Light
- Velocity
- Index of Refraction
- Reflection
- Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
- Optical Class
- Optical Indicatrix
- Dispersion
- Light Absorption and Color Polarized Light
- Polarization by Double Refraction
- Polarization by Reflection
- Polarization by Scattering
- 2. The Petrographic Microscope. Direction Conventions
- Samples
- Illuminator
- Substage Assembly
- Microscope Stage
- Objective Lenses
- Epi-Illuminator
- Upper Polarizer
- Bertrand Lens
- Ocular
- Focusing Mechanism
- Accessories
- Additional Equipment
- General Care of the Microscope
- Adjustment of the Microscope
- Adjusting the Oculars
- Focusing
- Adjusting the Illuminator
- Centering the Objectives Adjusting the Substage
- Alignment of Polarizers
- General Considerations
- 3. Refractometry. Relief
- Becke Line Method
- Dispersion Effects
- Oblique Illumination Method
- Practical Considerations
- Accuracy of the Immersion Method
- Determining Indices of Refraction in Thin Section
- 4. Optics of Isotropic Materials. Isotropic Indicatrix
- Distinguishing Between Isotropic and Anisotropic Minerals
- Identification of Isotropic Minerals
- Grain Mount
- Thin Section
- 5. Optics of Anisotropic Minerals: Introduction. Interference Phenomena
- Monochromatic Illumination
- Retardation
- Birefringence
- Interference of the Two Rays
- Polychromatic Illumination
- Orders of Interference Colors
- Anomalous Interference Colors
- Determining Thickness of a Sample
- Thin Section
- Grain Mount
- Determining
- Birefringence from the Color Chart
- Thin Section
- Grain Mount
- Recognizing the Different Orders of Interference Colors
- Extinction
- Categories of Extinction
- Use of the Accessory Plates
- Sign of Elongation
- Relief
- Pleochroism
- 6. Uniaxial Optics. Optic Sign
- Crystallographic Considerations
- Uniaxial Indicatrix
- Use of the Indicatrix
- Birefringence and Interference Colors
- Extinction
- Tetragonal Minerals
- Hexagonal Minerals Rhombohedral Cleavage
- Prismatic and Pinacoidal Cleavage
- Pleochroism
- Interference Figure Optic Axis Interference Figure
- Formation of Isochromes
- Formation of Isogyres
- Determining Optic Sign
- Off -Center Optic Axis Figure
- Flash Figure
- Selecting Grains to Give Interference Figures Optic Axis Figure
- Flash Figure
- Determining Indices of Refraction
- Grain Mount
- Determining nv Determining ne
- Thin Section
- Spindle Stage
- 7. Biaxial Optics. Biaxial Indicatrix
- Mathematical Relationships
- Use of the Indicatrix
- Normal Incidence Parallel to an Indicatrix Axis
- Normal Incidence Parallel to an Optic Axis
- Normal Incidence In a Random Direction
- Inclined Incidence
- Crystallographic Orientation of Indicatrix Axes
- Orthorhombic Minterals
- Monoclininc Minerals
- Triclinic Minerals
- Biaxial Interference Figure
- Acute Bisectrix Figure
- Formation of Isochromes
- Vibration Directions and Formation of Isogyres
- Centered Optic Axis Figure
- Obtuse Bisectrix Figure
- Optic Normal Figure
- Off -Center Figures
- Selecting Grains to Produce Interference Figures
- Determining Optic Sign
- Acute Bisectrix Figure
- Obtuse Bisectrix Figure
- Optic Axis Figure
- Flash Figures
- Determining 2V
- 2V Versus 2E
- Mallard's Method
- Tobi's Method
- Kamb's Method
- Wright Method
- Pleochroism
- Extinction
- Orthorhombic Minerals Monoclinic Minerals
- Triclinic Minerals
- Sign of Elongation
- Indices of Refraction
- Grain Mount Spindle Stage
- Dispersion in Biaxial Minerals
- Orthorhombic Minerals
- Monoclinic Minerals Triclinic Minerals
- 8. Reflected Light Optics. Physical Properties Observed with Polished Sections
- Crystal Form and Habit
- Hardness
- Observation in Plane Polarized Light
- Reflectance
- Bireflectance
- Measurement of Reflectance and Bireflectance
- Color and Pleochroism
- Isotropic Minerals
- Anisotropic Minerals
- Observations with Crossed Polarizers
- Polarization Colors
- Isotropic Minerals
- Anisotropic Minerals
- Internal Reflection
- Observations Related to Conoscopic Illumination
- Practical Considerations
- 9. Identification of Minerals. Descriptive Features
- Cleavage
- Twinning
- Alteration
- Association
- Tactics for Mineral Identification
- Thin Section Identification
- Grain Mount Identification
- Polished Section Identification Use of the Identification Tables
- Nonminerals
- Problems in Paradise
- Inconsistencies in Crystallographic Settings
- Poor Data
- 10. Framework Silicates. Silica Group
- Quartz
- Chalcedony
- Tridymite
- Cristobalite
- Opal
- Volcanic Glass
- Feldspars Plagioclase
- Thin Section
- Grain Mount
- Alkali Feldspars
- Sanidine
- Orthoclase
- Microcline Adularia
- Anorthoclase
- Feldspathoids
- Nepheline
- Sodalite Group
- Leucite
- Cancrinite-Vishnevite
- Zeolites
- Analcime (Analcite)
- Natrolite
- Th omsonite
- Stilbite
- Chabazite
- Heulandite
- Laumontite
- Other Framework Silicates
- Scapolite
- 11. Sheet Silicates. TO Layer Silicates
- Kaolinite
- Serpentine
- TOT Layer Silicates
- Pyrophyllite
- Talc
- TOT + Interlayer Cation Layer Silicates
- Muscovite
- Biotite
- Lepidolite
- Glauconite
- Margarite
- Clintonite
- TOT + O Layer Silicates
- Chlorite
- Clay Minerals
- Other Sheet Silicates
- Stilpnomelane
- Prehnite
- Apophyllite
- 12. Chain Silicates. Pyroxenes
- Enstatite-Ferrosilite (Orthopyroxene)
- Pigeonite
- Calcic Clinopyroxene (Augite)
- Aegirine, Aegirine-Augite
- Omphacite
- Jadeite
- Spodumene
- Amphiboles
- Anthophyllite
- Gedrite
- Cummingtonite-Grunerite
- Tremolite-Actinolite-Ferro-actinolite
- Hornblende
- "Oxyhornblende"
- Kaersutite
- Richterite
- Arfvedsonite and Eckermannite
- Glaucophane-Riebeckite Series
- Pyroxenoids
- Wollastonite
- Rhodonite
- Pectolite
- Other Chain Silicates
- Sapphirine
- 13. Disilicates and Ring Silicates. Disilicates
- Lawsonite
- Pumpellyite
- Melilite
- Vesuvianite (Idocrase)
- Epidote Group
- Zoisite Clinozoisite-Epidote
- Piemontite
- Allanite
- Ring Silicates
- Tourmaline
- Axinite
- Beryl
- Cordierite
- 14. Orthosilicates. Olivine
- Monticellite
- Humite Group
- Garnet Group
- Andalusite
- Sillimanite
- Kyanite
- Staurolite
- Chloritoid
- Titanite (Sphene)
- Topaz
- Zircon
- Dumortierite
- 15. Carbonates, Borates, Sulfates, and Phosphates. Carbonates
- Calcite
- Magnesite
- Siderite
- Rhodochrosite
- Dolomite-Ankerite
- Aragonite
- Strontianite
- Witherite
- Malachite
- Azurite
- Borates
- Borax
- Colemanite
- Sulfates
- Barite
- Celestine (Celestite)
- Gypsum
- Anhydrite
- Alunite
- Phosphates
- Apatite
- Monazite
- Xenotime
- 16. Native Elements, Sulfides, Halides, Oxides, and Hydroxides. Native Elements
- Sulfur
- Graphite
- Gold
- Silver
- Copper
- Sulfides and Related Minerals
- Pyrite
- Marcasite
- Sphalerite
- Galena
- Pyrrhotite
- Chalcopyrite
- Halides
- Halite
- Sylvite
- Fluorite
- Oxides
- Periclase
- Cuprite
- Rutile
- Anatase
- Cassiterite
- Corundum
- Hematite
- Ilmenite
- Perovskite
- The Spinel Group
- Spinel Series
- Magnetite
- Chromite
- Chrysoberyl Hydroxides
- Brucite
- Gibbsite
- Diaspore
- Böhmite (Boehmite)
- Goethite
- Lepidocrocite
- Limonite
- Appendix A: Sample Preparation
- Grain Mount
- Thin Section
- Spindle Stage
- Polished Section.