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05467nam a22003377a 4500 |
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AR-BaUFA |
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20180418100122.0 |
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050627t2016 us ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d |
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|c 45081
|d 45081
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|a 978030931702
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| 040 |
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|a AR-BaUFA
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| 090 |
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|a 636.2 NUT
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| 245 |
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|a Nutrient requirements of beef cattle
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| 250 |
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|a 8th. rev. ed.
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| 260 |
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|a Washington
|b National Academy of Science
|c 2016
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| 300 |
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|a 475 p.
|b tbls.
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| 490 |
0 |
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|a Animal nutrition series
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| 500 |
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|a Contents PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS SUMMARY 1 BEEF PRODUCTION: SYSTEMS, QUALITY, AND SAFETY Introduction Beef Breeds Production Systems Food Safety Nutritional Profiles Taste and Tenderness Animal Well-Being Feed Additives and Growth Modifiers Environmental Impact of Production Systems References 2 ANATOMY, DIGESTION, AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION Introduction Mechanics and Role of Eating Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract The Ruminal Environment and Microbiome Digestion Kinetics Fermentative Processes Ruminal pH and Acidosis Ruminal Nitrogen Metabolism Postruminal Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients References 3 ENERGY TERMS AND CONCEPTS Energy Units Expressing Energy Values of Feeds Summary Recommendations Regarding Energy Terms and Concepts References 4 CARBOHYDRATES Introduction Non-Neutral Detergent Fiber Carbohydrates Neutral Detergent Fiber (Fractions CB3 and CC) Forages and Their Utilization Fiber and Prediction of Ruminal pH References 5 LIPIDS Introduction Digestion and Absorption Digestibility and Energy Value Essential Fatty Acids Fat Supplementation References 6 PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS Introduction Metabolizable Protein System Microbial Protein Synthesis Urea Recycling Synchrony of Energy and Protein Ruminal Outflow of Intact Dietary Protein Protein Supply to the Small Intestine Amino Acid Absorption Metabolic Protein Requirements Amino Acid Requirements Empirical and Mechanistic Levels of Solution Summary of Recommended Adjustments for Protein References 7 MINERALS Introduction Macrominerals Microminerals References 8 VITAMINS Introduction Fat-Soluble Vitamins Water-Soluble Vitamins References 9 WATER Introduction Body Water Distribution Requirements Summary References 10 FEED INTAKE Introduction Factors Affecting Feed Intake by Beef Cattle Prediction of Feed Intake by Beef Cattle References 11 MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATION: ENERGY AND PROTEIN Requirements for Energy Maintenance Requirements for Protein References 12 GROWTH Introduction Energy and Protein Requirements for Growing and Finishing Cattle Previous Plane of Nutrition Effects Effects of Special Dietary Factors Unique Breed Effects Evaluation of the Energy System References 13 REPRODUCTION Introduction Body Condition Score Puberty and Heifer Development Postpartum Interval Pregnancy Lactation Bulls Energy and Protein Requirements Significant Changes References 14 COMPOUNDS THAT MODIFY DIGESTION AND METABOLISM Introduction Additives That Alter Ruminal Fermentation Additives That Alter Ruminal Fermentation and Other Aspects of Gastrointestinal Tract Function Metabolic Modifiers That Affect Postabsorptive Metabolism Summary of Recommended Adjustments for Inclusion of Modifiers References 15 EFFECTS OF STRESS ON BEEF CATTLE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS Overview Dietary Energy Dietary Protein Minerals Vitamins Feed Additives Summary References 16 ENVIRONMENT Background Dietary Effects on Nutrient Excretion Greenhouse Gas Emissions Ammonia Emissions Hydrogen Sulfide and Reduced Sulfur Particulate Matter and Dust Odors/Volatile Organic Compounds References 17 UTILIZATION OF BYPRODUCT FEEDS BY BEEF CATTLE Availability and Overview Corn Byproducts Soybean Byproducts References 18 COMPOSITION OF SELECTED FEEDS FOR BEEF CATTLE Introduction Data Background Use of the Data Grazed Forages Effects of Processing Treatment Minerals References 19 MODEL EQUATIONS AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSES Introduction Requirements for Energy and Protein Requirements for Minerals and Vitamins Requirements for Amino Acids Predicting Dry Matter Intake Predicting Water Intake Supply of Energy and Nutrients Nutrient Balances Feed Library Model Comparison Sensitivity Analyses References 20 TABLES OF NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS Introduction Table for Growing and Finishing Cattle Table for Breeding Bulls Table for Pregnant Replacement Heifers Table for Beef Cows Table of Energy Reserves for Beef Cows References 21 RESEARCH NEEDS Introduction General Beef Production Systems/Beef Quality and Safety Energy, Carbohydrates, and Lipids Protein Minerals, Vitamins, and Water Feed Intake Maintenance, Growth, Reproduction, and Stress Compounds That Modify Digestion and Metabolism Environment Byproduct Feeds and Feed Composition Computer Models for Nutrient Requirements Reference APPENDIXES A A USER’S GUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE BEEF CATTLE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS MODEL B COMMITTEE STATEMENT OF TASK C ABBREVIATONS AND ACRONYMS D COMMITTEE MEMBER BIOGRAPHIES E RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE BOARD ON AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES INDEX
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| 590 |
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|a DIFU2017D
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| 650 |
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7 |
|a NUTRICION ANIMAL
|2 Agrovoc
|9 255
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| 650 |
|
7 |
|a ZEA MAYS
|2 Agrovoc
|9 1884
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| 650 |
|
7 |
|a VARIEDADES
|2 Agrovoc
|9 639
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| 650 |
|
7 |
|a BRASIL
|2 Agrovoc
|9 1988
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| 650 |
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7 |
|a AMERICA DEL SUR
|2 Agrovoc
|9 2105
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| 650 |
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7 |
|a PROCEDENCIA
|2 Agrovoc
|9 9754
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| 650 |
|
7 |
|a ESPECIES
|2 Agrovoc
|9 1468
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| 830 |
|
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|a Animal nutrition series
|9 66563
|
| 942 |
0 |
0 |
|c LIBRO14D
|
| 976 |
|
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|a AAG
|
| 948 |
|
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|a US
|