The last hurdle?: unyielding motherhood effects in the context of declining gender inequality in Latin America

We assess whether motherhood could be the last hurdle to achieving gender equality in developing countries by exploring the link between motherhood and the overall gender gap in the labor market for 14 Latin American countries over the last two decades. Using pseudopanels built from harmonized house...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:
Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Marchionni, Mariana, Pedrazzi, Julián Pierino
Formato: Articulo Documento de trabajo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2023
Materias:
Ciencias Económicas
decomposition
gender inequality
child penalty
developing countries
Latin America
Acceso en línea:http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/159739
Aporte de:
SEDICI (UNLP) de Universidad Nacional de La Plata
id I19-R120-10915-159739
record_format dspace
spelling I19-R120-10915-1597392023-11-02T20:07:04Z http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/159739 The last hurdle?: unyielding motherhood effects in the context of declining gender inequality in Latin America Marchionni, Mariana Pedrazzi, Julián Pierino 2023-11 2023-11-02T17:47:56Z en Ciencias Económicas decomposition gender inequality child penalty developing countries Latin America We assess whether motherhood could be the last hurdle to achieving gender equality in developing countries by exploring the link between motherhood and the overall gender gap in the labor market for 14 Latin American countries over the last two decades. Using pseudopanels built from harmonized household surveys and an event study approach around the birth of the first child, we find that the arrival of the first child leads to a sharp and persistent 35% decline in mothers’ earnings. This result is explained by a reduction in employment and a prompting shift towards occupations that favor more flexible work arrangements, including part-time and informal jobs. These effects are pervasive across countries and population groups. Furthermore, using an extended version of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we identify motherhood as the primary source of income inequality between men and women. Motherhood explains 42% of the remaining gender gap and has progressively gained relative importance over the last two decades while other contributing factors, such as education and its associated returns, have shown a waning impact. Moreover, we find no clear crosscountry association between the motherhood-related gap and per capita GDP or gender norms, while the contribution of other factors to the gender gap in earnings diminishes with higher per capita GDP and more gender-egalitarian social norms. This suggests that gender gaps stemming from the motherhood effect exhibit greater rigidity than other drivers of gender inequality. Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales Articulo Documento de trabajo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) application/pdf
institution Universidad Nacional de La Plata
institution_str I-19
repository_str R-120
collection SEDICI (UNLP)
language Inglés
topic Ciencias Económicas
decomposition
gender inequality
child penalty
developing countries
Latin America
spellingShingle Ciencias Económicas
decomposition
gender inequality
child penalty
developing countries
Latin America
Marchionni, Mariana
Pedrazzi, Julián Pierino
The last hurdle?: unyielding motherhood effects in the context of declining gender inequality in Latin America
topic_facet Ciencias Económicas
decomposition
gender inequality
child penalty
developing countries
Latin America
description We assess whether motherhood could be the last hurdle to achieving gender equality in developing countries by exploring the link between motherhood and the overall gender gap in the labor market for 14 Latin American countries over the last two decades. Using pseudopanels built from harmonized household surveys and an event study approach around the birth of the first child, we find that the arrival of the first child leads to a sharp and persistent 35% decline in mothers’ earnings. This result is explained by a reduction in employment and a prompting shift towards occupations that favor more flexible work arrangements, including part-time and informal jobs. These effects are pervasive across countries and population groups. Furthermore, using an extended version of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we identify motherhood as the primary source of income inequality between men and women. Motherhood explains 42% of the remaining gender gap and has progressively gained relative importance over the last two decades while other contributing factors, such as education and its associated returns, have shown a waning impact. Moreover, we find no clear crosscountry association between the motherhood-related gap and per capita GDP or gender norms, while the contribution of other factors to the gender gap in earnings diminishes with higher per capita GDP and more gender-egalitarian social norms. This suggests that gender gaps stemming from the motherhood effect exhibit greater rigidity than other drivers of gender inequality.
format Articulo
Documento de trabajo
author Marchionni, Mariana
Pedrazzi, Julián Pierino
author_facet Marchionni, Mariana
Pedrazzi, Julián Pierino
author_sort Marchionni, Mariana
title The last hurdle?: unyielding motherhood effects in the context of declining gender inequality in Latin America
title_short The last hurdle?: unyielding motherhood effects in the context of declining gender inequality in Latin America
title_full The last hurdle?: unyielding motherhood effects in the context of declining gender inequality in Latin America
title_fullStr The last hurdle?: unyielding motherhood effects in the context of declining gender inequality in Latin America
title_full_unstemmed The last hurdle?: unyielding motherhood effects in the context of declining gender inequality in Latin America
title_sort last hurdle?: unyielding motherhood effects in the context of declining gender inequality in latin america
publishDate 2023
url http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/159739
work_keys_str_mv AT marchionnimariana thelasthurdleunyieldingmotherhoodeffectsinthecontextofdeclininggenderinequalityinlatinamerica
AT pedrazzijulianpierino thelasthurdleunyieldingmotherhoodeffectsinthecontextofdeclininggenderinequalityinlatinamerica
AT marchionnimariana lasthurdleunyieldingmotherhoodeffectsinthecontextofdeclininggenderinequalityinlatinamerica
AT pedrazzijulianpierino lasthurdleunyieldingmotherhoodeffectsinthecontextofdeclininggenderinequalityinlatinamerica
_version_ 1807221739505057792

Ejemplares similares