The military's proto-memory 50 years after the 1976 coup d'état
The Argentine Armed Forces that staged a coup d’état on 24 March 1976 were convinced that they would be praised in the future for ending the country’s political violence, restoring democracy, rebuilding the market economy, and fostering a Western culture based on Christian values. They constructed a...
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Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA
2026
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| Acceso en línea: | https://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/runa/article/view/17597 |
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I28-R265-article-17597 |
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Universidad de Buenos Aires |
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Español |
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Artículo revista |
| topic |
Desapariciones Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Dictadura Protomemoria Terrorismo de Estado Disappearances Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Dictatorship Proto-Memory Desaparecimentos Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Ditadura Protomemória Terrorismo de Estado |
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Desapariciones Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Dictadura Protomemoria Terrorismo de Estado Disappearances Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Dictatorship Proto-Memory Desaparecimentos Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Ditadura Protomemória Terrorismo de Estado Robben, Antonius C.G.M. Robben, Antonius C.G.M. Robben, Antonius C.G.M. The military's proto-memory 50 years after the 1976 coup d'état |
| topic_facet |
Desapariciones Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Dictadura Protomemoria Terrorismo de Estado Disappearances Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Dictatorship Proto-Memory Desaparecimentos Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Ditadura Protomemória Terrorismo de Estado |
| author |
Robben, Antonius C.G.M. Robben, Antonius C.G.M. Robben, Antonius C.G.M. |
| author_facet |
Robben, Antonius C.G.M. Robben, Antonius C.G.M. Robben, Antonius C.G.M. |
| author_sort |
Robben, Antonius C.G.M. |
| title |
The military's proto-memory 50 years after the 1976 coup d'état |
| title_short |
The military's proto-memory 50 years after the 1976 coup d'état |
| title_full |
The military's proto-memory 50 years after the 1976 coup d'état |
| title_fullStr |
The military's proto-memory 50 years after the 1976 coup d'état |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The military's proto-memory 50 years after the 1976 coup d'état |
| title_sort |
military's proto-memory 50 years after the 1976 coup d'état |
| description |
The Argentine Armed Forces that staged a coup d’état on 24 March 1976 were convinced that they would be praised in the future for ending the country’s political violence, restoring democracy, rebuilding the market economy, and fostering a Western culture based on Christian values. They constructed a proto-memory to make the Argentine people remember the dictatorship exclusively for its political accomplishments and military victory over the guerrilla insurgency. The dehumanization and denaturalization of revolutionary combatants and political adversaries as subversives and apátridas aimed to make the Argentine people accept their assassination as justified to achieve peace and prosperity. History proved the military wrong. The secret strategy of forced disappearances made family members search for their loved ones and organize street protests that, together with a failed political project and a lost foreign war, caused the downfall of the military government. Junta commanders and other perpetrators were convicted to long prison sentences, and the human rights movement created sites of memory that reminded the Argentine people of the state terrorism. The military proto-memory was disproven, as is illustrated by the redesignation of the Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada from a secret detention center into a World Heritage Site. Nevertheless, the military proto-memory has continued to influence Argentina’s collective memory through the apologetics of young supporters and the historical revisionism of the government headed by Javier Milei. |
| publisher |
Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA |
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2026 |
| url |
https://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/runa/article/view/17597 |
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I28-R265-article-175972026-03-20T13:00:02Z The military's proto-memory 50 years after the 1976 coup d'état La protomemoria militar a 50 años del golpe de Estado de 1976 A protomemória militar 50 anos após o golpe de Estado de 1976 Robben, Antonius C.G.M. Robben, Antonius C.G.M. Robben, Antonius C.G.M. Desapariciones Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Dictadura Protomemoria Terrorismo de Estado Disappearances Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Dictatorship Proto-Memory Desaparecimentos Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada Ditadura Protomemória Terrorismo de Estado The Argentine Armed Forces that staged a coup d’état on 24 March 1976 were convinced that they would be praised in the future for ending the country’s political violence, restoring democracy, rebuilding the market economy, and fostering a Western culture based on Christian values. They constructed a proto-memory to make the Argentine people remember the dictatorship exclusively for its political accomplishments and military victory over the guerrilla insurgency. The dehumanization and denaturalization of revolutionary combatants and political adversaries as subversives and apátridas aimed to make the Argentine people accept their assassination as justified to achieve peace and prosperity. History proved the military wrong. The secret strategy of forced disappearances made family members search for their loved ones and organize street protests that, together with a failed political project and a lost foreign war, caused the downfall of the military government. Junta commanders and other perpetrators were convicted to long prison sentences, and the human rights movement created sites of memory that reminded the Argentine people of the state terrorism. The military proto-memory was disproven, as is illustrated by the redesignation of the Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada from a secret detention center into a World Heritage Site. Nevertheless, the military proto-memory has continued to influence Argentina’s collective memory through the apologetics of young supporters and the historical revisionism of the government headed by Javier Milei. Las Fuerzas Armadas argentinas que dieron un golpe de Estado el 24 de marzo de 1976 estaban convencidas de que serían aclamadas en el futuro por terminar con la violencia política del país, restaurar la democracia, reconstruir la economía de mercado y fomentar la cultura de Occidente basada en los valores cristianos. Elaboraron una protomemoria para lograr que los argentinos recordaran a la última dictadura exclusivamente por sus logros políticos y su victoria militar contra las organizaciones armadas. La deshumanización y desnaturalización de los combatientes revolucionarios y los adversarios políticos como “subversivos” y “apátridas” buscaba que su asesinato se aceptara como válido para alcanzar la paz y prosperidad. La historia probó que los militares estaban equivocados. La estrategia secreta de las desapariciones forzadas hizo que los familiares buscaran a sus seres queridos y organizaran protestas callejeras que, junto con el fracaso del proyecto político y la derrota de la guerra de Malvinas en 1982, causaron la caída del gobierno militar. Varias décadas después, la junta de comandantes y otros perpetradores fueron condenados a largas sentencias de prisión y el movimiento de derechos humanos creó sitios de memoria que recuerdan a los argentinos sobre el terrorismo de Estado. La protomemoria militar fue rebatida, como ilustra la transformación de la Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada de un centro clandestino de detención a Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO en 2023. Sin embargo, ha continuado influyendo en la memoria colectiva a través de la apología de jóvenes simpatizantes y el revisionismo histórico del actual gobierno, encabezado por Javier Milei. As Forças Armadas argentinas que deram um golpe de Estado em 24 de março de 1976 estavam convencidas de que seriam aclamadas no futuro por acabar com a violência política no país, restaurar a democracia, reconstruir a economia de mercado e promover a cultura ocidental baseada nos valores cristãos. Elaboraram uma protomemória para que os argentinos se lembrassem da última ditadura exclusivamente por suas conquistas políticas e sua vitória militar contra as organizações armadas. A desumanização e desnaturalização dos combatentes revolucionários e adversários políticos como “subversivos” e “apátridas” buscava que seu assassinato fosse aceito como válido para alcançar a paz e a prosperidade. A história provou que os militares estavam errados. A estratégia secreta dos desaparecimentos forçados fez com que os familiares procurassem seus entes queridos e organizassem protestos de rua que, juntamente com o fracasso do projeto político e a derrota na guerra das Malvinas em 1982, causaram a queda do governo militar. Várias décadas depois, a junta de comandantes e outros perpetradores foram condenados a longas penas de prisão e o movimento de direitos humanos criou locais de memória que lembram aos argentinos o terrorismo de Estado. A protomemória militar foi refutada, como ilustra a transformação da Escola Superior de Mecânica da Marinha de um centro clandestino de detenção em Patrimônio Mundial da UNESCO em 2023. No entanto, continuou a influenciar a memória coletiva através da defesa de jovens simpatizantes e do revisionismo histórico do atual governo, liderado por Javier Milei. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA 2026-03-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículos Invitados para el Dossier application/pdf https://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/runa/article/view/17597 10.34096/runa.v47i1.17597 RUNA, archivo para las ciencias del hombre; Vol. 47 No. 1 (2026): Dossier: 50 years after the 1976 coup d'état. Contributions of anthropology to the study of the last dictatorship, human rights activism, and policies of memory and justice.; 35-54 RUNA, archivo para las ciencias del hombre; Vol. 47 Núm. 1 (2026): Dossier A 50 años del golpe de estado de 1976. Aportes de la Antropología al estudio de última dictadura, el activismo en los derechos humanos y las políticas de memoria y justicia.; 35-54 RUNA, archivo para las ciencias del hombre; v. 47 n. 1 (2026): Dossiê 50 anos após o golpe de Estado de 1976. Contribuições da antropologia para o estudo da última ditadura, o ativismo em direitos humanos e as políticas de memória e justiça.; 35-54 1851-9628 0325-1217 spa https://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/runa/article/view/17597/15894 Derechos de autor 2026 Antonius Robben https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |