The WHO’s critical bacteria list: scientific response eight years after its implementation and development of an AI-based tool for its monitoring

Background: In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global alert identifying 12 bacteria in urgent need of new treatments. Main body: This study assesses the scientific community’s response to this alert by analyzing original research publications using LLMzCor, an AI-based tool de...

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Autores principales: Almonacid, Juan Eduardo Robledo, Lombardo, Christian, Romano, Mariana, Quiroga, Agustina, Cambuli Bianchi, Paula, Hualpa, Mauricio, Giai, Constanza, Oviedo, Xiomara María, Salgado Mansur, Ramiro Alejo, Vallejo, Mariana Guadalupe, Quintero, Cristián Andrés
Formato: Artículo Científico
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2025
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WHO
Acceso en línea:https://repositorio.umaza.edu.ar/handle/00261/3591
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spelling I56-R162-00261-35912025-09-17T14:36:55Z The WHO’s critical bacteria list: scientific response eight years after its implementation and development of an AI-based tool for its monitoring Almonacid, Juan Eduardo Robledo Lombardo, Christian Romano, Mariana Quiroga, Agustina Cambuli Bianchi, Paula Hualpa, Mauricio Giai, Constanza Oviedo, Xiomara María Salgado Mansur, Ramiro Alejo Vallejo, Mariana Guadalupe Quintero, Cristián Andrés antibiotic antibiotic resistance automatic classifier treatment WHO Background: In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global alert identifying 12 bacteria in urgent need of new treatments. Main body: This study assesses the scientific community’s response to this alert by analyzing original research publications using LLMzCor, an AI-based tool developed and validated by our group. To compare trends, we focused on publications from 5 years before and after the alert, specifically on three bacteria listed in the WHO alert, sorted by priority level: Acinetobacter baumannii (Critical), Shigella spp (High), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Medium) and three non-listed as controls (Rickettsia spp., C. trachomatis, and C. difficile). Articles were classified into three categories: (i) identification of Resistant strains, (ii) development of New treatments, and (iii) Immunization strategies. Results: Although overall publications increased after the WHO alert, no statistically significant changes were found in the reports of Resistant strains over time. The development of New treatments for the listed bacteria showed a slight increase, between 2% and 10%. Furthermore, Immunization strategies remained relatively unchanged, with less than 2%. Meanwhile, LLMzCor demonstrated robust performance across categories, F1-scores ranging from 0.65 to 0.72 in key classifications, while recall peaked at 0.75, indicating a high capacity to identify relevant articles. These results support the model’s reliability for large-scale automated classification of scientific abstracts. Conclusion: These findings, supported by LLMzCor, underscore the urgency of a stronger WHO alert and action plans to develop new strategies against bacterial resistance. 2025-09-11T14:39:19Z 2025-09-11T14:39:19Z 2025 Artículo Científico Robledo Almonacid JE, Lombardo C, Romano M, Quiroga A, Cambuli Bianchi P, Hualpa M, Giai C, Oviedo XMA, Salgado Mansur RA, Vallejo MG and Quintero CA (2025) The WHO’s critical bacteria list: scientific response eight years after its implementation and development of an AIbased tool for its monitoring. Front. Pharmacol. 16:1633382. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1633382 https://repositorio.umaza.edu.ar/handle/00261/3591 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/10.3389/fphar.2025.1633382 application/pdf
institution Universidad Juan Agustín MAZA
institution_str I-56
repository_str R-162
collection UMAZA Digital (Universidad MAZA - Mendoza)
language Inglés
orig_language_str_mv eng
topic antibiotic
antibiotic resistance
automatic classifier
treatment
WHO
spellingShingle antibiotic
antibiotic resistance
automatic classifier
treatment
WHO
Almonacid, Juan Eduardo Robledo
Lombardo, Christian
Romano, Mariana
Quiroga, Agustina
Cambuli Bianchi, Paula
Hualpa, Mauricio
Giai, Constanza
Oviedo, Xiomara María
Salgado Mansur, Ramiro Alejo
Vallejo, Mariana Guadalupe
Quintero, Cristián Andrés
The WHO’s critical bacteria list: scientific response eight years after its implementation and development of an AI-based tool for its monitoring
topic_facet antibiotic
antibiotic resistance
automatic classifier
treatment
WHO
description Background: In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global alert identifying 12 bacteria in urgent need of new treatments. Main body: This study assesses the scientific community’s response to this alert by analyzing original research publications using LLMzCor, an AI-based tool developed and validated by our group. To compare trends, we focused on publications from 5 years before and after the alert, specifically on three bacteria listed in the WHO alert, sorted by priority level: Acinetobacter baumannii (Critical), Shigella spp (High), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Medium) and three non-listed as controls (Rickettsia spp., C. trachomatis, and C. difficile). Articles were classified into three categories: (i) identification of Resistant strains, (ii) development of New treatments, and (iii) Immunization strategies. Results: Although overall publications increased after the WHO alert, no statistically significant changes were found in the reports of Resistant strains over time. The development of New treatments for the listed bacteria showed a slight increase, between 2% and 10%. Furthermore, Immunization strategies remained relatively unchanged, with less than 2%. Meanwhile, LLMzCor demonstrated robust performance across categories, F1-scores ranging from 0.65 to 0.72 in key classifications, while recall peaked at 0.75, indicating a high capacity to identify relevant articles. These results support the model’s reliability for large-scale automated classification of scientific abstracts. Conclusion: These findings, supported by LLMzCor, underscore the urgency of a stronger WHO alert and action plans to develop new strategies against bacterial resistance.
format Artículo Científico
author Almonacid, Juan Eduardo Robledo
Lombardo, Christian
Romano, Mariana
Quiroga, Agustina
Cambuli Bianchi, Paula
Hualpa, Mauricio
Giai, Constanza
Oviedo, Xiomara María
Salgado Mansur, Ramiro Alejo
Vallejo, Mariana Guadalupe
Quintero, Cristián Andrés
author_facet Almonacid, Juan Eduardo Robledo
Lombardo, Christian
Romano, Mariana
Quiroga, Agustina
Cambuli Bianchi, Paula
Hualpa, Mauricio
Giai, Constanza
Oviedo, Xiomara María
Salgado Mansur, Ramiro Alejo
Vallejo, Mariana Guadalupe
Quintero, Cristián Andrés
author_sort Almonacid, Juan Eduardo Robledo
title The WHO’s critical bacteria list: scientific response eight years after its implementation and development of an AI-based tool for its monitoring
title_short The WHO’s critical bacteria list: scientific response eight years after its implementation and development of an AI-based tool for its monitoring
title_full The WHO’s critical bacteria list: scientific response eight years after its implementation and development of an AI-based tool for its monitoring
title_fullStr The WHO’s critical bacteria list: scientific response eight years after its implementation and development of an AI-based tool for its monitoring
title_full_unstemmed The WHO’s critical bacteria list: scientific response eight years after its implementation and development of an AI-based tool for its monitoring
title_sort who’s critical bacteria list: scientific response eight years after its implementation and development of an ai-based tool for its monitoring
publishDate 2025
url https://repositorio.umaza.edu.ar/handle/00261/3591
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