Bases neurobiológicas del contraste negativo sucesivo
Successive negative contrast (SNC) is one of the paradoxical effects of reinforcement, resulting from the sudden lessening of the quality/quantity of an expected reinforcer. The present work is a review of the existing information concerning the neurobiological basis of SNC, using both instrumental...
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| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | JOUR |
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| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_01200534_v33_n3_p299_Bentosela |
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| Sumario: | Successive negative contrast (SNC) is one of the paradoxical effects of reinforcement, resulting from the sudden lessening of the quality/quantity of an expected reinforcer. The present work is a review of the existing information concerning the neurobiological basis of SNC, using both instrumental and consummatory procedures. The effects of drugs, cerebral lesions, electrical simulation, and electrophysiological studies of this phenomenon are also analyzed. Most research has been focused on the evaluation of emotional factors involved in SNC, and only a minor attention has been paid to the cognitive ones (such as the internal representation of reinforcers, memory of previous reinforces, and reinforcement expectancy). Pharmacological studies revealed that SNC attenuates or is even abolished when tranquilizing drugs are used, and is not affected neither by antidepressives nor by neuroleptics. Besides, the GABAergic and the cholinergic systems participe in the mnemonic modulation for reinforcement change. Lesion studies showed that the septum, hyppocampus and cingulum might be involved in instrumental SNC, while the amygdala and the pontine parabrachial nuclei participate in the instrumental SNC. Finally, electrophysiological studies suggest that the prefrontal cortex plays an active role in the expression of these phenomena. |
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